Ebnest abthttr bayles and harold higham



E. A. BAYLES AND H. HIGHAM.

ELEcTRlcAL coNnENsE APPLICATION FILED FEB. 23, 1915.

Patented July l13', 1920.I

2 b @@@m IQUQU ,.@Qmvf UNITED STATES PATENT orrica.v

ERNEST, ARTHUR BAYLES AND HAROLD HIGHAM, 0F HELSBY, ENGLAND.

,l ELECTRICAL coNDENsna. i

nected with Electrical' Condensers, of which,v

the following isa specification.

This invention hasreference to staticV electrical condenser's,`whereinthe di-electric is paper or like material, and they are made of a strip or ribbon, or a plurality of strips orribbons of'such paper or material, and metal, rolled lor folded up.

Electrical con'densers of this kind have been and are now used successfully in connection with' systems of 'electricity supply, or electricity circuits having low tension but in circuits wherehigher tensions are used, they have not been Wholly successful. That is, they are not reliable, and therefore are not practically available for such circuits, they being liable to break down or become damaged; and the object ofthe present invention, primarily, has been to provide condensers of this kind, which shall be immune to this liability of breaking downor becoming damagedk in such circuits, and under other conditions of such higher tension currents. f A condenser according to ythis. invention consists of a condenser body'or bodies, composed of the rolled or folded' paper and metal, submerged in `and maintainedin oil, and disposed in a case or box containing oil.

A condenser thusmade or constituted is capable of successfully kwithstanding the strain or stress to' which it is subjected, when used in high,tensionjcircuits such as referred to, and will not break down.

`,The kind of oil which is employed is similar to that used in electrical transformers,

and sometimes'called non-sludging 7 tran'sf former oil. i y i y i As regards the coiled or foldedlaminated paper and metal condenser bodies, the preferred form, themetal employed is coated or formed on the paper (this being done in any known suitable way of coating paper with met`al),so thatthe paper is a metallic surfaced one; ity being founolthat this gives better results; but in icaseswhere the. metal plate lor portion is a separate, stripor ribbon of metal foil, then this, foil should be pervious to liquid, and this perviousness can be Specification of Letters latent.

Patented July 13,1920.

AApplication lled February 23, 1915. ySerial No. 10,074.

furnished by employing finely perforated metal foil.

ln the manufacture of the condensers, the rolled or folded bodies areV first dried under a high temperature under atmospheric pressure, and then further dried under avacuumr in a suitable vessel or container; and while under this condition, that is, while under vacuum, the oil is admitted to the vessel, and the' vacuum kismaintained for a considerable time, and the vessel is preferably kept at about 200 to 250o Fahrenheit.

After this, the vacuum may be taken off, and the pressure on the oil will be the normal atmospheric pressure; and then again, after this, the vessel may be again put under vacuum. And these alterations of pressures may be repeated several times, and continued say, eachfor the space of av quarter to three quarters of an hour. Y

After this treatment, the condensers may be left for a considerable time, sayifor several days, lsubmerged in the oil, under atmospheric pressure, which will of course be after they have been removed from the treating vessel or pan; and then they may. be again put under vacuum. After coolingv the condensers are tested.

The object and effect of this lengthened rest, is to give time for the air to escape from the fibers of th'e'paper. l l

These operations will ybe performed on the condenser bodies within a case or box which will be filled with oil, so that they will be submerged; and preferably in thc box or case which is to constitute their container.

lThe strips-or ribbons of paper (which is say somewhat analogous to cigarette paper), are wider than-the metal and project beyond both edges of same; and in use, the spaces outside the foils are sealed in the oil; and preferablyl three laminas of paper are used together, with one of metal, and these are coiled up into 'thev roll orY body. i

It is preferredfthat after the condenser bodies have, been produced and treated in the manner above vdescribed,that air is kept away y'from them; that is,y after rthey haveY been impregnated, air should be kept'from them, and they should be maintained under oil, during the process of manufacture and afterward in thecompleted state. i f

In some cases; the condenser bodies are impregnated, vand treated in the manner described, inV one box` or tray, and tested;

and those bodies which have passed thel test 'l are transferred from this tray or box, to the filial tray or box; and this transference is effected while submerged. in oil. Namely, the tray or box containing the condenser bodies is placed in a tank and submerged, andthe case to which they are to be transferred and fixed, is also submerged; and the condenser bodies are taken from the tested tray and placed in position inthe other tray; and when this tray is filled, it can be taken out and all the necessary fixings, bus-bars, and the like fitted under the liquid.

1n use, the trays or boxes' will be closed with a cover, and sealed up,` and where a number of them are 'use d, they will Vbe Var'- ranged preferably side by side.

The oil in Jthe eenden-sers may be cooled and circulated through them by vproviding at the ends or other suitable parts, cooling surfaces, say rby making in them deep corrugations, so that the yoil which may become warm, will cool on the surface, and will lcirculate at each end, and'so'thewhole body will bekept cool.y

A construction and arrangement of parts of' a condenser according to thi's'invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawingsn which Figure 1 is a plan showing the interior of the case, and the condenser bodies in position; and Fig. 2 is a cross section. F ig. 3 shows a detail of automa-tic valve used in connection with the condenser.

Referringto these drawings, 1 'represents the condenser bodies, consisting ofcoiled up or folded convolutions .of paper and metal; and 2 is the box" or case-preferably of Imetal-in which these 'bodies and oil are contained. 3 is the lid or eo'ver'of the box. i i i The condenser bodies are furnished with a core 4; of paper, wood, orthe like, the form of a tube;and they are supported by rods 5 which pass'through the cores 4, and screws or are fixed in a metal grid frame ori-tray 6,1esting`on the bottom of the box 2,and secured thereby screw bolts 7 thebodies being held down in position on the grid ortray by nuts 8 screwing on to the upper endlof the rods 5, and having between them' and the bodies, the insulator disk 9, through holes in which the leads from the plates are passed.

The whole body of'paper is preferably wrapped' in a wrapping of'textile fabric.

Above the condenser bodies, across the box, insulated bus` bars 10 are fixed, and these in turn are connected up withinsulated conductors llfixed on one end of the box, through' which the current isl led "to and from the condenser. i Y

' As above stated, the bodies 1 are always submerged oil, and, preferably, for transit, the boxethe lid of which is sealed on the bo'dy--isV completely filledv withboily ;A but when'the condensers are put to use, some of thisoil isrun'offbyvthe tube 13, inone end of the box below the level of the lid, which is normally closed by a screw plug, so that while the bodies remain submerged, there isy a space between the level of the liquid and the cover of the box.

The box ends 14 consist of deeply corrugated metal (but other parts `may1 be so formed), which provide on the outside a largemetal area foifcontact with the air; and inside, the same areaforcontact of the oil. By these means, if "the condensers are so placed that the air has access to the ends of the box or case, a large and effective cooling surface for cooling the oilis furnished. This cooling at theser parts will produce convection currents Iof the v)oil within the case; and thereby the temperature of the whole body o f oil will be kept cool.

Or, again, the oil maybe circulated by positive circulating pumps or means by withdrawingit from each'fof the condenser boxes, and simultaneously supplying fresh cooled oil to them, the beingfcooled in any suitable way in the circulating system; and the oil may thus be contiinuously more or less renewed, andthe old oilivithdrawn, as it maybe found requisiteoradvisable,

And'furthermore, this/oil maybe'put under a vacuum occasionally for the extraction of air, or uany otlhrerv gases Awhich maybe contained in it.

` An `auton'aatic valve or release device is f, li, ..l` i.. J used 1n connection ,the condenser, by which, when an abnormal pressurebolmes on the case by excessive temperature, the pressure can be relieveldf Al device of this kind is illustrated sectionl in igf; and it consist-s of a plunger'lb, with aweight 17 at its lower end, working in a casel or "cylinder 18 fixed in the lid or cover 3 (say over the space 19 in lon'eejnd of the coverY where the connections 11 are plafceid). This lplunger has a hole 2Q on it,`the lower end of which is open tothe space above theoil in the case, and the upperI end of which `is normally covered by the eylinder 1S, so that normally the hole is'closed.` vWhen however, the pressure in the case becomes excessive, the plunger 16 will be raised by it, and 'the upper end of the hole 2O will: communicate with the interior of the hellow cup 21, which is open to the atmosphere by a hole in its top; and so the excessive pressure of air within the lcondenser is relieved; and after this pressure is se autornaticallyv relieved, the weight 1,7 pulls the plunger 16 back to the position shown in the drawing and so cuts ofi' the connection with the atmosphere.

The relief device" has an electric contact Y port, falls onto part 26; and these parts 23 and 24, being in the circuit of an alarm or indicating device of any known suitable kind, an indication will be given of the fact that the pressure on the condenser is, or has been excessive; and the alarm or indicating y circuit remains closed until attended to.

This relief valve device will also relieve the condenser, if the pressure in it becomes excessive in transit to the place of use; in which case, the condenser being filled completely with oil, some of it will escape.

The filling of the condenser case with oil for transit, prevents the possibility of air bubbles being formed in the oil by shaking, and so working in between the layers of dielectric.

What is claimed is 1. An electrical condenser consisting of a casing containing oil, a plurality of condenser bodies each composed of coiled or folded laminas of paper and metal impregnated with oil and submerged` in the oil in the casing substantially as set forth.

2. An electrical condenser consisting of`a casing containing non-sludging transformer oil, and bodies of coiled or folded laminae of paper and metal, the paper of which is impregnated with oil, said bodies being 'submerged in the non-sludging transformer oil in the casing.

3. An electric e condenser comprising in combination a closed casing containing a .l

body of oil, there being a space between the surface of the oil and the roof of the casing,

and a multiplicity of cylindrical coiled condenser bodies each consisting of laminae of coiled paper and metal, thek cylindrical bodies being submerged in the oil in the casing, substantially as set forth.

L The process of manufacturing electrical condensers consisting of rolling or folding alternate laminac of metal, and paper strips; then drying such bodies under high temperature; then further drying the bodies under a vacuum in a suitable container; admitting oil to the container and the condenser bodies therein, and maintaining a vacuum in the container for a considerable time; and maintaining the temperature of the container contents, substantially as set forth. Y y

5. The process of manufacturing electrical condensers consisting of rolling or folding alternate laminas of metal, and paper strips;

then drying such bodies under high temperature; then further drying the bodies under a vacuum in a suitable container; admitting oil to the container and the condenser bodies therein, maintaining a vacuum in thecontainer for a considerable time, and maintaining the temperature of the container contents, then removing the vacuum and allowing the atmospheric pressure to act on the submerging liquid of the bodies, then subjecting the liquid and the bodies again to a vacuum, substantially as set forth.

6. The process o'f manufacturing electrical condensers consisting of rolling or folding alternate laminas of metal, and paper strips, then drying the bodies under high temperature, then further drying the bodies under a vacuum in a suitable container, admitting oil to the container and the condenser bodies therein, maintaining a vacuum in the container for a considerable time, maintaining the temperature of the container contents, then removing the vacuum and allowing the atmospheric pressure to act on the submerging liquid of the bodies, then subjecting the liquid and the bodies to a vacuum, then removing the vacuum and subjecting the oil and submerged bodies to atmospheric pressure a relatively long time in the container, and then subjecting the oil and bodies in the container again to a vacuum, substantially as set forth. j

7. The process of manufacturing electrical condensers consisting of rolling or folding alternate laminae of metal, and paper strips;

then drying such bodies under high temperature, then further drying the bodies under a vacuum in a suitable container, admitting oil to the container and the condenser bodies therein, and maintaining a vacuum in the container for a considerable time, and maintaining the temperature of the container contents, and preventing air contacting with the impregnated bodies during the manufacture of and after the condensers are completed by keeping said condensers constantly under oil, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof we have signed our names to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ERNEST ARTHUR BAYLES. HAROLD HIGHAM. Witnesses:

SoMERvILLE GooDALL, FRANK EFLEE'rWooD. 

